Mangrove
Heritiera fomes
Status: Endangered. While it is common in some places, it has been declining because it has a very restricted range that has been encroached upon for development and farming.
The Sundarbans forest is in the eastern deltas of the Bay of Bengal. Freshwater swamps meet the mangrove forests that edge the sea in a complex tangle of waterways and mudflats. It is home to the Bengal Tiger, as well as many other mammals, birds, fish, and reptiles.
Bonbibi is called the Lady of the Forest, and is protectress of the Sundarbans. She is venerated by both Hindus and Muslims who live within the environs of her forests in eastern India and Bangladesh, and she is the guardian of all the plants and creatures in her domain. She can be protector to those who perform the proper rituals of respect before they set out in a perilous excursion into her terrain. Her lands are treacherous and shaped by the ebb and flow of sea, by weather, and by the cycles of life and death, growth and decay, and filled with predators that are stronger and quicker than humans. Living within her boundaries is to accept those dangers as well as to flourish in the fertile bounty and resources. It is a contrast of the inhospitable yet rich, and an acknowledgment of humankind's small place within that uncertain wilderness.
References:
Uddin, Sufia M. "Religion, Nature, and Life in the Sundarbans." Asian Ethnology, vol. 78, no. 2, 2019, pp. 289-310. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26845329.
J. J. Roy Burman. (1996). Hindu-Muslim Syncretism in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 31(20), 1211-1215. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4404148
Wikramanayake, Eric. "Sundarbans Mangroves", One Earth. https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/sundarbans-mangroves/